PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS
Section Editor: Marielle P. Young, MD
Strabismus
The Pediatric Eye Examination
- General/Overview
- Examination: General Considerations and Strategies
- Examination: Specific Elements
- Examination of the Uncooperative Child
Strabismus Terminology
- General/Overview
- Strabismus Classification Terms
Anatomy of the Extraocular Muscles
- General/Overview
- Origin, Course, Insertion, Innervation, and Action of the Extraocular Muscles
- Blood Supply (arterial and venous) of the Extraocular Muscles
- Structure of the Extraocular Muscles
- Orbital and Fascial Relationships
- Anatomical Considerations During Surgery
Amblyopia
- General/Overview
- Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Detection and Screening
- Pathophysiology
- Classification
- Evaluation
- Treatment
Motor Physiology
- General/Overview
- Basic Principles and Terms
- Eye Movements
Sensory Physiology and Pathology
- General/Overview
- Physiology of Normal Binocular Vision
- Selected Aspects of the Neurophysiology of Vision
- Abnormalities of Binocular Vision
- Sensory Adaptations in Strabismus
Diagnostic Evaluation of Strabismus and Torticollis
- General/Overview
- History and Presenting Features of Strabismus
- Assessment of Ocular Alignment
- Assessment of Eye Movements
- Special Tests
- Torticollis: Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation
- Tests of Sensory Adaptation and Binocular Cooperation
- Related Videos
Esodeviations
- General/Overview
- Epidemiology
- Pseudoesotropia
- Infantile (Congenital) Esotropia
- Accommodative Esotropia
- Acquired Nonaccommodative Esotropias
- Nystagmus and Esotropia
- Incomitant Esotropia
Exodeviations
- General/Overview
- Pseudoexotropia
- Exophoria
- Intermittent Exotropia
- Convergence Weakness Exotropia
- Constant Exotropia
- Other Forms of Exotropia
Pattern Strabismus
- General/Overview
- Etiology
- Clinical Features and Identification
- Management
Vertical Deviations
- General/Overview
- Incomitant Vertical Tropias
- A Clinical Approach to Vertical Deviations
- Comitant Vertical Tropias
- Dissociated Vertical Deviation
- Related Videos
Special Forms of Strabismus
- General/Overview
- Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders
- Miscellaneous Special Forms of Strabismus
- Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Video 1
- Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Video 2
- Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia Video 1
- Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia Video 2
- Cogan’s Lid Twitch Video
- Congenital Ocular Motor Apraxia Video
- Duane’s Syndrome Type 2: Aberrant Regeneration of the Third and Sixth Nerves Video
- Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Video
- Opthalmoplegic Migraine / Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy Case Report
- Third Nerve Palsy Video
- Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) Video 1
- Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) Video 2
Childhood Nystagmus
- General Features
- Nomenclature
- Evaluation
- Types of Childhood Nystagmus
- Nystagmus-Like Disorders
- Treatment
Surgery of the Extraocular Muscles
- General/Overview
- Evaluation
- Indications for Surgery
- Planning Considerations
- Surgical Techniques for the Extraocular Muscles and Tendons
- Complications of Strabismus Surgery
- Anesthesia for Extraocular Muscle Surgery
- Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
- Chemodenervation Using Botulinum Toxin
- Related Videos
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Growth and Development of the Eye
- Normal Growth and Development
- Abnormal Growth and Development
Decreased Vision in Infants and Children
- General/Overview
- Normal Visual Development
- Evaluation of the Infant With Decreased Vision
- Classification of Visual Impairment in Infants and Children
- Pediatric Low Vision Rehabilitation
Eyelid Disorders
- General/Overview
- Congenital Eyelid Disorders
- Infectious and Inflammatory Eyelid Disorders
- Neoplasms and Other Noninfectious Eyelid Lesions
- Other Acquired Eyelid Conditions
Orbital Disorders
- General/Overview
- Abnormal Interocular Distance: Terminology and Associations
- Congenital and Developmental Disorders: Craniofacial Malformations
- Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions
- Neoplasms
- Ectopic Tissue Masses
Lacrimal Drainage System Abnormalities
- Congenital and Developmental Anomalies
- Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Diseases of the Cornea, Anterior Segment, and Iris
- General/Overview
- Congenital and Developmental Anomalies of the Cornea
- Congenital and Developmental Anomalies of the Globe
- Congenital and Developmental Anomalies of the Iris and Pupil
- Acquired Corneal Conditions
- Systemic Diseases Affecting the Cornea or Iris
- Tumors of the Cornea, Iris, and Anterior Segment
- Miscellaneous Clinical Signs
External Diseases of the Eye
- General/Overview
- Infectious Conjunctivitis
- Inflammatory Disease
- Miscellaneous Conjunctival Disorders
Pediatric Glaucomas
- General/Overview
- Genetics
- Classification
- Primary Childhood Glaucoma
- Secondary Childhood Glaucoma
- Treatment
- Prognosis and Follow-Up
Childhood Cataracts and Other Pediatric Lens Disorders
- General/Overview
- Pediatric Cataracts
- Cataract Surgery in Pediatric Patients
- Structural or Positional Lens Abnormalities
- Dislocated Lenses in Children
Uveitis in the Pediatric Age Group
- General/Overview
- Epidemiology and Genetics
- Classification
- Anterior Uveitis
- Intermediate Uveitis
- Posterior Uveitis
- Panuveitis
- Masquerade Syndromes
- Evaluation of Pediatric Uveitis
- Treatment of Pediatric Uveitis
Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
- General/Overview
- Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities
- 4 Year-Old with Anterior Chamber Mass Video
- Choroidal Coloboma Image Report 01
- Fundus Photography and Fluorescein Angiography of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Case Report
- Fundus photo and OCT of Best’s vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD)
- Fundus Photography and Fluorescein Angiography of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Case Report
- Pediatric Case Presentations Video
- Pediatric Patient with and Anterior Segment Mass: A Case Presentation Video
- Retinopathy of Prematurity: Update Video
- ROP: The Basis of Disease and Treatment Video
- Infections
- Tumors
- Acquired Disorders
- Systemic Diseases and Disorders With Retinal Manifestations
Optic Disc Abnormalities
- General/Overview
- Developmental Anomalies
- Optic Atrophy
- Optic Neuritis
- Papilledema
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
- Pseudopapilledema
Ocular Trauma in Childhood
- Accidental Trauma
- Nonaccidental Trauma
Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease
- General/Overview
- Diseases due to Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Intrauterine or Perinatal Infection
- Malignant Disease
