OPTICS AND REFRACTIONS
Click on the “Clinical Education” or “Technical Education” bars to open the outline for that year and topic.
Year One
Clinical Education
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- Physical Optics
- Properties of Light
- Wave Optics
- Quantum Optics
- Geometric Optics
- Reflection
- Refraction
- Prism
- Spherical Lenses
- Astigmatic Lenses
- Notation of Lenses
- Identification of Unknown Lenses
- Aberrations of Lenses
- Lens Materials
- Clinical Optics
- Optics of the Eye
- Transmittance of Light by Optical Media
- Pupillary Response (Styles-Crawford Effect)
- Visual Acuity
- Contrast Sensitivity
- Tests for Potential Vision
- Errors of Refraction and Binocular Optical Defects
- Asthenopia
- Accommodation
- Anomalies of Accommodation
- Convergence
- Anomalies of Convergence
- Determination of the Errors of Refraction
- Clinical Refraction
- Objective Refraction
- Cycloplegic Refraction
- Subjective Refraction
- Back Vertex Distance
- Muscle Balance Tests
- Accommodative Power
- Measurement of Interpupillary Distance (IPD)
- Decentration of Lenses and Prismatic Effect
- Best Form Lens
- Prescribing Lenses
- Instruments and Tests
- Direct Ophthalmoscope
- Indirect Ophthalmoscope
- Retinoscope
- Focimeter / Lensmeter
- Simple Magnifying Glass (Loupes)
- Potential Acuity Meter
- Automated Refractor
- Slit Lamp Biomicroscope
- Corneal Topography
- Applanation and other Tonometers
- Specular Microscope
- Operating Microscope
- Zoom Lens Principle
- Corneal PAchymeter
- Lens Screen / Hess Chart
- Syntophore
- Fundus Biomicroscopy Lenses
- Fundus Camera
- Gonioscope
- Physical Optics
Technical Education
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- Perform an objective refraction
- Perform a subjective refraction
- Perform a cycloplegic refraction
- Measure back vertex distance
- Perform muscle balance tests
- Measure accommodative power
- Measure interpupillary distance
- Prescribe lenses
- For distance
- For near
- Multifocal lenses (bifocal, trifocal, executive)
- Prescribing lenses for children
- Use Instruments in Ophthalmic Examination
- Direct Ophthalmoscope
- Indirect Ophthalmoscope
- Retinoscope
- Focimeter / Lensmeter
- Simple Magnifying Glass (Loupes)
- Potential Acuity Meter
- Automated Refractor
- Slit Lamp Biomicroscope
- Corneal Topography
- Applanation and other Tonometers
- Specular Microscope
- Operating Microscope
- Zoom Lens Principle
- Corneal PAchymeter
- Lens Screen / Hess Chart
- Syntophore
- Fundus Biomicroscopy Lenses
- Fundus Camera
- Gonioscope
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Year Two
Clinical Education
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- Complex Refraction
- Post-Surgical Refraction
- Post-Keratoplasty Refraction
- Post-Cataract Refraction
- Complex Retinoscopy
- Use of Keratometer in Complex Refraction
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Technical Education
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- Perform advanced refractions (astigmatism, mixed astigmatism, etc..)
- Perform retinoscopy
- Use trial lenses
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Year Three
Clinical Education
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- Intraocular Lens Calculations
- Prisms for Diplopia
- Low Vision Aids
- Post-Surgical Refraction
- Post-keratoplasy irregular astigmatism
- Post-refractive surgery
- Advanced Instruments in Refraction
- Distometer
- Autorefractor
- Automated Topography
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Technical Education
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- Perform intraocular lens calculations
- Prescribe prism for the diplopic patient
- Perform objective and subjective refraction on patients with complex irregular astigmatism or post-surgical.
- Use a keratometer, distometer, auto-refractor, and corneal topography in prescribing.
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